Indian Polity
Constitution, Parliament, federalism and fundamental rights.
7 min read · currentaffairschronicle.com editorial
The Constitution at a glance
The Constitution of India came into effect on 26 January 1950. It is the supreme law of the land and provides for a parliamentary system, an independent judiciary and a federal structure with unitary features.
Fundamental Rights and Duties
Part III guarantees Fundamental Rights — equality, freedom, against exploitation, religion, cultural and educational rights, and constitutional remedies. Part IVA lists the Fundamental Duties added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.
Parliament and the legislature
Parliament consists of the President and two Houses. A bill becomes law after passing both Houses and receiving assent. Money bills follow a special procedure under Article 110.
Federalism
India is a union of states. The Seventh Schedule divides powers into the Union, State and Concurrent lists. The centre’s authority is stronger in structure, but states have real autonomy in their domains.